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Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1997 11(3):301-329; doi:10.1093/hgs/11.3.301
© 1997 by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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Righteous Gentiles, the Partisans, and Jewish Survival in Belorussia, 1941–1944

Leonid Smilovitsky

Diaspora Research Institute, Tel Aviv University

This is the first in-depth study of Jewish survival in Belorussia under the German occupation. Drawing upon newly available archival materials as well as previously published sources, the author analyzes the peculiarities of Nazi genocide in Belorussia, evaluates the role of Belorussian nationalists, recounts features of the history of the 164 ghettoes the Germans established on Belorussian territory, and sheds extensive new light on the survival of Jews in the republic and especially on the role of Belorussians therein. The contradictory attitudes within the partisan movement toward Jewish fugitives are treated, as is the negative attitude of Polish partisan organisations. The Jewish family camps, Jewish partisan detachments, and mixed-ethnicity partisan units receive special attention. The article ends with a discussion of the importance of past, present, and future research to uncover the story of the righteous gentiles who helped Jews escape the Holocaust in Belorussia.


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