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Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2000 14(1):1-27; doi:10.1093/hgs/14.1.1
© 2000 by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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Articles

The Soviet Partisan Movement and the Holocaust

Kenneth Slepyan

Transylvania University

This article analyzes official and popular Soviet responses to the Holocaust through an examination of the wartime partisan movement. Attitudes at both levels followed patterns established during the 1920s and 1930s: official policy treated the Jews like other Soviet nationalities without really addressing specific Jewish concerns, while prewar popular anti-Semitism prevailed in many units. Despite knowledge of Nazi attrocities committed specifically against the Jews, officials took no special action to save Jews until a change in partisan doctrine occurred in September 1942. Thereafter the partisans were under orders to recruit from all elements of the population, including, implicitly, the Jews; the surviving Jewish population thereby came under a belated official protection. Official inaction in 1941 and 1942, however, coupled with the anti-Semitism of some gentile partisans, contributed, if indirectly, to the genocide.


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