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Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2004 18(2):255-273; doi:10.1093/hgs/dch064
© 2004 by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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Research Note

Pope Pius XII and the Rescue of Jews in Italy: Evidence of a Papal Directive?+

Susan Zuccotti

1 New York City

Little evidence supports the notion that Pius XII delivered a directive to members of the Catholic Church to help Jews during the German occupation of Italy, argues the author of this article. That many such men and women did open their doors is well known, and several thousand Jews in Italy were saved as a result. The pope and his advisers knew that many Jews, along with many more non-Jewish fugitives from the Nazis and Fascists, were hiding in religious institutions outside Vatican City, and being sheltered individually in prelates' residences in Vatican City itself. However, they seem not to have been aware of the full extent of the rescue effort, nor to have ordered it initially.

+ This article is based on a paper delivered at an international conference entitled "The Jews of Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922–1945" at Yeshiva University in New York, October 6–8, 2002. It will be included in a forthcoming publication of conference proceedings by Cambridge University Press.


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