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Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1988 3(1):69-74; doi:10.1093/hgs/3.1.69
© 1988 by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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ESSAY: THE YOUTH MOVEMENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE AS AN ALTERNATIVE LEADERSHIP*

YISRAEL GUTMAN

Hebrew University and Yad Vashem Jerusalem, Israel

Zionist youth movement leaders in many ghettos in Eastern Europe assumed communal leadership at the stage of revolt. The continuity of leadership in these movements, together with their being cut off from the guidance of adult advisors and emissaries from Palestine, helped the movements develop independently. Their increasing communal involvement, together with their accurate understanding of the all-inclusive intent of the Nazi murder operations begun in 1941, led them to offer the ghetto populace an altermative to the policies aimed at an illusory survival. They offered armed resistance, without rescue, knowing that it was no way for survival.

*This article is a revised and translated version of the Hebrew article in Yalkut Moreshet 43–44 (1987), pp. 159–164.


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