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Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1989 4(2):193-211; doi:10.1093/hgs/4.2.193
© 1989 by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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‘Genocide in the 20th Century’

REFLECTIONS ON THE COLLECTIVE IDENTITY OF GERMAN ROMA AND SINTI (GYPSIES) AFTER NATIONAL SOCIALISM*

KIRSTEN MARTINS-HEUB {dagger}

Eppelheim, F.R.G., 1955–1988

The genocide perpetrated by the Nazis against German Sinti and Roma caused physical and psychological suffering among many Gypsies who were able to survive the Third Reich. There was no collapse in the collective identity of this ethnic group after 1945. It proved possible to preserve their specific social organization from destruction by the mechanism of temporarily dispensing with the ethnically binding system of norms for the period of the Third Reich. Male Gypsies tend to confront and work through what the external world inflicted upon them during the Nazi period particularly in terms of that element which for them represents — and embodies — the world (both the inner world and external reality): namely their women.

*I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Institute for German History, Tel Aviv University, and the Wiener Library for a research stipend 1987/88 which made my stay in Israel possible. I am particuarly indebted to Professor Shulamit Volkov, Director of the Institute for German History. I would also like to thank Bill Templer, Tel Aviv University, for the English translation of this article.

{dagger}Dr. Martins-Heuß passed away in December 1988.


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